Although the five Comanche bands were independent of one another, they often came together to fight a common enemy (as was the case with many battles against the Apaches, who sought to gain land, horses, and captives). The main enemies of the Comanches were the Pawnees, Osages, Arapaho, and Apaches. Once the Comanches had settled into their new home in the Southern Plains, they divided into five major groupings: the Penatekas, who lived the farthest south the Nokohi of the east the Kotsoteka of the north, and the Yamparika to their north and the Quahadi of the west. In this context, the Comanches assumed a new name, either "Koh-Mahts" or "Kwuma-ci," rather than their original "Nerm." The precise meaning of the Ute names are uncertain, but linguists think they mean "one who fights us all the time." The Spanish transformed the Ute words into "Comanche." In the Southern Plains, they met the Utes, who introduced them to Spanish traders. Late in the 17th century, they broke into two bands, and those who would later be known as the Comanches moved south. Originally, the Comanches were part of the Shoshone tribe, who lived in the mountains of what is now northern Wyoming and Montana. LOCATION: United States (Oklahoma Texas) POPULATION: over 19,000 (including those who indicate Comanche and another racial category in the 2000 census) LANGUAGE: English Comanche RELIGION: Native American Church RELATED ARTICLES: Vol.
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